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A torque converter in modern usage, is commonly a fluid coupling which is utilized so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, for instance an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. Similar to a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanized clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a considerable difference between output and input rotational speed.
The most popular kind of torque converter utilized in car transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. During the 1920s there was even the Constantinesco or pendulum-based torque converter. There are different mechanical designs utilized for always changeable transmissions that have the ability to multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is one version which has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an part referred to as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics throughout occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
There are a at least three rotating parts within a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, that is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whatever situation and this is where the term stator originates from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
Changes to the basic three element design have been incorporated at times. These adjustments have proven worthy particularly in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is considered necessary. Most commonly, these alterations have taken the form of multiple stators and turbines. Every set has been intended to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several examples comprise the Dynaflow that uses a five element converter in order to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Though it is not strictly a component of classic torque converter design, various automotive converters include a lock-up clutch so as to reduce heat and so as to improve cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
